Yellow stem borer, rice leaf roller, long horned cricket, grasshopper, green leafhopper, brown planthopper, whitebacked planthopper and gall midge were found as pests in both the locations. This suggests stem borers did not reduce the density of culms producing panicles in the main or ratoon crop. The presence of alternate hosts encourages the pink stem borer to develop, multiply and survive during winter or dry season. The rice bug, another important pest of rice, caused damage by feeding on the sap of milky grain and turn them chaffy. A stemborer stem borer is any insect larva, or arthropod, that bores into plant stems.
The stem borers, belonging to order lepidoptera, are widely distributed as economic pests of rice. Pdf stem borer is the second important rice pest after rats in indonesia. Evaluation of resistance to striped stem borer in rice. Rice stem borers are among the most biotic stresses of economic importance in agriculture. However, it is often said that the occurrence of the rice stem borer is decreasing for the last several years in many places of our country. During tillering, the typical damage symptom is deadheart, while in flowering stage, it causes. Khan and others published world bibliography of rice stem borers find, read and cite all the research you need on. It has strong systemic molecule and is highly soluble and longer got a good synergistic effect with buprofezin 25% sc against rice bph belongs to the organophosphates insecticide group. It is prevalent in irrigated areas during the dry cropping season in some provinces at certain stage of the rice crop. Mango stem borer it is an occasional but very serious pest of mango found all over the country.
Gianessi 1 international pesticide benefit case study 108 october, 2014 introduction rice is an essential crop for feeding the populations of south and south east asia. Most cereal stem borers of maize and sorghum are generally polyphagous and have several gramineous and other wild hosts in addition to more than one cultivated crop. Integrated management of rice stem borers in the yangtze delta. Approximately six major species of stem borer cause significant damage to rice cultivation. This insect pest infests rice plants, almost all the rice season round, inducing dead hearts symptom during the vegetative. So, in all the rice growing areas this insect or moth pest is available. Little was known about stem borer problem in tanzania prior to this study. The rice office of stem engagement r stem supports and promotes rice universitys wideranging efforts to improve k12 science, technology, engineering and mathematics stem education in all greater houston area school districts. The striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker is one of the most important rice pests in asia. Due to the great difficulty to use the technique of artificial infestation by the rice stem borer, the simulated technique panicle removal was applied to induce. World bibliography of rice stem borers stem borers are ubiquitous pests of rice worldwide figs.
The larvae after hatching bore into the stem and feed upon the tissues of the stem. Integrated management of cereal stem borers and striga weed in maizebased cropping systems in africa z. The rice stem borers are the principal devastators and responsible for. Hybrid rice varieties have shown 1520% higher yield potential. The striped stem borer, chilo suppressalis walker lepidoptera. However, insect infestation was below the economic threshold level etl. Development of pvcresincontrolled release formulation for.
Most stem borers belong to the families pyralidae and noctuidae, and the immature insects, the caterpillars, tunneling in the stems and feeding on the soft tissues, cause the injury. Microsoft powerpoint rice pestsotipa edited3 author. One of the most important biotic constraints is the african white rice stem borer, maliarpha separatella ragonot. Pyralidae, was the most important insect pest of rice, attacking all stages. A field trial was conducted in karawang, west java in dry season of 2003 to. Rice stem borers are of major economic significance causing 2530% loss to rice crop 2. Pdf integrated management of rice stem borers in the. Integrated management of cereal stem borers and striga weed. Pests of rice borers and foliage feeders yellow stem borer, leaf folder, gall midge, other defoliators are important and cause significant reduction in yield in rice growing areas. Unlike other species of stem borers, the pink stem borer lay bare eggs between the leaf sheath and the stem.
Ocean islands, as these are areas where rice is an important food crop. Traditionally, rice was grown as a subsistence crop by smallholders and largely consumed on the farm. It is the major species in the major upland rice growing areas of west africa 1,14, but in east africa it is important in lowland irrigated rice. The purpose of this research was to invent trap which uses an effective color that attracts s. Resistance of dryland rice to stem borer scirpophaga. It is found in afghanistan, nepal, northeastern india, sri lanka, bangladesh, myanmar, vietnam, thailand, malaysia, singapore, sumatra, java, borneo, sumba, sulawesi, the philippines, taiwan, china and japan. Yellowish brown head with five longitudinal purplish brown stripes. Of the various major pests, the stem borer insect is the most dangerous enemy to the paddy plant.
It is a serious pest of wheat and rabi all over india but is more prevalent in south india. Importance of pesticides for growing rice in subsaharan africa leonard p. However, its production is constrained by both abiotic and biotic factors. Management of rice insect pests radcliffes ipm world textbook. Rice provides more than 50% of the calories consumed in bangladesh, cambodia, myanmar, laos. Yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas pyraustidae lepidoptera 2. A field population of the rice stem borer chilo suppressalis walker with. Rice yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker lepidoptera. Predicting the impact of temperature change on the future.
The yellow rice stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker is a major pests on rice. The enriched culture demonstrated high cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity in. Research article lepidopteran stem borer species abundance. Pdf world bibliography of rice stem borers researchgate. Khan international centre for insect physiology and ecology icipe maize is the most important cereal crop, which serve as staple food for. They inhibit the stem and make the tunnel inside soft or hard stem. Evaluation of insecticides for stem borer control discussion previous research by the entomology project has shown that stem borers can cause significant yield loss in rice.
Training was conducted by icarzpdiii, barapani, meghalaya. The rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker, the yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker, and the pink stem borer sesamia inferens walker are the most injurious insect pests of rice in the yangtze delta, one of the countrys rice bowls and a region undergoing rapid economic development. Organic source induced silica on leaf folder, stem borer and gall midge population and rice yield p. Rice stem borers rsb can be present in all rice growing areas. Crambidae in java, indonesia article pdf available december 2015 with. Pest control of rice stem borer in sri lanka lumes. Some of the sounds are low in intensity, and it may be necessary to turn up the speaker volume to hear them. Feeding in the stem during the vegetative growth stage of the plant seedling to stem elongation causes death of the central shoot deadheart. Weather based multiple regression models for different standard weeks for yellow stem borer were developed by using data for period 19982014 and validated with two year data 2015 and 2016. At atl release egg parasitoid, trichogramma japonicum for the management of the rice yellow stem borer spraying neem seed kernel extract controls stem borer clip the seedling tips before transplanting to eliminate egg masses and collect and destroy the egg masses in main field. Light traps have been used for monitoring and controlling s.
The number of eggs laid by a single female moth is upto 150. The pink stem borer is found in upland rice, which is grown near sugarcane or related grasses. Stem borer scirpophaga is a serious paddy pest in india, pakistan, burma, sri lanka, china, japan formosa, philippines and indonesia. Mining the biomass deconstructing capabilities of rice. Borer damage in sugar cane rice invertebrate pests not in california now but in u.
Importance of pesticides for growing rice in south and south east asia leonard p. Stemborers belonging to the orders diptera and lepidopt era are the most serious pests of rice in subsaharan africa. Gall midge orseolia oryzae cecidomyiidae diptera 3. The objective of this study was to identify rice lines resistant to striped stem borer and to determine plant characteristics associated with resistance. The rice stem borer, chilo suppressalis walker, continued to occur severely in spite of heavy application of insecticides throughout these periods. Rice productivity in myanmar has stagnated in comparison with other rice producers in the region.
Economic threshold level etl of paddy insect pests agropedia. Mar 31, 2016 this is a video clip produced by trainee of 3 days training on communicating science through video presentations. For either variety, panicle density in main and ratoon crops was not affected by stem borer damage table 1. The white stem borer has become less important in australia since the introduction of direct seeding. Chinniah abstract experiments were carried out in field conditions to analyse the effect of induced resistance on certain major pests of rice viz. Stem borer majrapoka any of the numerous species of lepidopterous insect pests that habitually bores into the stem of the host plant and feed on the inner tissues. Importance of pesticides for growing rice in subsaharan. But in general, the pink stem borer is not so prevalent in the northern district. They are internal stem feeders and larval feeding causes damage to rice tillers during the vegetative and reproductive stages. The instar larvae get dispersed with the help of silken threads and wind. Importance of pesticides for growing rice in south and. Rice striped stem borer, chilo suppressalis lepidoptera.
Quantifying rice farmers pest management decisions. Stem borers consist primarily of insects in the lepidopterous families, noctuidae and pyralidae. The pink stem borer, sesamia inf er ens is also distributed throughout the philippines. A total of 42 rice lines were evaluated in the field under natural infestation conditions in. By using inorganic fertilizer nutrients in rice stem borer attack even more than in the organic fertilizer. Stem borers are ubiquitous pests of rice worldwide figs. Management of rice yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas. Gianessi 1 international pesticide benefit case study 101 july, 2014 ice is the most rapidly growing food commodity in subsaharan africa. Sep 12, 2016 how to control rice yellow stem borer.
Mwalusepo s, tonnang hez, massawe es, okuku go, khadioli n, johansson t, et al. In this study, surveys and field trials were performed to examine this problem and efficient ways were found to lower the borers population density. Super rice has the potential to deliver very high yields but is also susceptible to attack by the striped rice stem borer, chilo suppressalis. Understanding stem borer abundance and damages would help to design appropriate. Integrated management of cereal stem borers and striga. Knowledge and skills of the benong ii farmers group in the kalibuaya village, telaga sari, karawang regarding the management and control of rice stem borer that environmentally friendly, especially biological control using parasitoid trichogramma sp. A fully grown caterpillar is cylindrical with its head redbrown in colour and measures 2025 mm in length. Scirpophaga incertulas, the yellow stem borer or rice yellow stem borer, is a species of moth of the family crambidae. In india, the yellow stem borer caused 1% to 19% yield loss in early planted rice crops and 38% to 80% in late planted rice 3.
More and more rice has to be produced on less land and with less farm inputs. However the term most frequently refers among the coleoptera to the larva of certain longhorn beetles such as dorysthenes buqueti and those of the genus oberea, and among the lepidoptera to certain moths of the crambidae, castniidae, gelechiidae, nolidae, and pyralidae families. The rice striped stem borer, chilo suppressalis is a destructive rice pest in china and other asian countries. The contents are the responsibility of michigan state.
The rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker, the yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker, and the pink stem borer sesamia. No matter which continent, ecosystem, or type of crop culture, a field of rice is usually infested by more than one stem borer species. Attraction of yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas. The insects infest rice crops throughout their growth, from the seedling stage to maturity.
Do rice water weevils and rice stem borers compete when sharing a. Pyralidae is one of the most serious pests of rice in temperate and subtropical asia. Incidence was more when moderate temperature and moderate humidity prevailing during septemberoctober. Development of pvcresincontrolled release formulation. The finding of this study pest weather model for yellow stem borer of kharif rice was prepared. In sri lanka three species of stem borers attack deepwater rice, but the major pest is undoubtedly the yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas. The larvae feed on the internal tissues of the stem and undergo 56 moults. For both varieties, for both main and ratoon crops, mexican rice borer was the predominant stem borer species about 70%. The characterization of genes involved in neurotransmitter biosynthesis and transport could identify potential targets for disruption of the neurochemical communication and for crop protection.
Stem borers, natural enemies, relative abundance, rice. One of the trichogramma species commonly used to control rice stem borer is trichogrammajaponicum t japonicum. Khan international centre for insect physiology and ecology icipe maize is the most important cereal crop, which serve as staple food for millions in subsaharan africa. Dead heart white ears yellow stem borer infested field management cultural practices clipping of seedling before transplanting for prevention egg laying harvesting done at the base of plant in order to avoid pupae remain in the field. Pdf mitochondrial dna variation of the rice yellow stem. Mitochondrial dna variation of the rice yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incretulas lepidoptera. Analysis of pest management methods used for rice stem borer scirpophaga. Rice invertebrate pests in california but not in rice production. Help research to grow more rice agricultural land being limited, the only effective way of meeting the demand for more rice by the rapidlygrowing population of asia and the far east is to increase productivity per acre. Importance of pesticides for growing rice in south and south. However this was not followed and there was continuous cropping of rice in the scheme. Replication of insect iridescent virus 6 in a white. Replication of insect iridescent virus 6 in a whitefly.
Scientific name common name order family source 1 chilo polychrysus darkheaded striped borer lepidoptera pyralidae current list cpc 2007 list 2 chilo suppressalis striped rice stem borer lepidoptera pyralidae current list cpc 2007 list. Pdf effectiveness of trichogramma japonicum utilization. Integrated management of rice stem borers in the yangtze delta, china. System of rice intensification sri is a methodology that involves intermittent wetting and drying of rice paddies, unlike in the conventional rice culture where the rice paddies. A microbial community was enriched from the gut of the rice yellow stem borer for enhanced rice straw degradation by subculturing every 10 days, for 1 year, in minimal medium with rice straw as the main carbon source. Annual rice yield losses due to this pest were estimated as 58. Lumes, lund university international masters programme in. The effect of waterextract on the growth of rice stem borer larvae rice plants, prior to easing, were cut from the root side and dried. Several noncultivated wild host plants of these stem borers have been recorded and documented table 1. Evaluation of different insecticides and botanical extracts. Crop protection 18 1999 315322 quantifying rice farmers pest management decisions. In cauvery deltaic region four species of stem borer that is scirpophaga incertulas yellow stem borer, chilo. Aleyrodidae, is a major problem in agroecosystems throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Guidelines for production of rice i preface based on accepted practices and latest verification of results from rural development administration rda of the republic of korea and kenya. The eggs are rounded, pale and yellowish green in colour. The adult moths lay eggs on rice leaves and the larvae bore into the stem. Isolation of benzoic and salicylic acids from the rice.
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